CD10 is a 94 kDa zinc-dependent cell membrane metalloprotein which participates in the postsecretory processing of neuropeptides5, inactivating inflammatory and vasoactive peptides (substance P, bradykinin, atrial natriuretic peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide, angiotensins, endothelins)7. It is widely distributed in kidney, liver, small intestines, placenta, choroid plexus, brain gonads, adrenal cortex and leucocytes5. CD10 is a marker for germinal centre cells and their derivative lymphomas4.
immature B cells
some immature T cells
mature granulocytes
Expressed by 75% of precursor B-cell ALL
All subtypes of AML
>90% of CML in lymphoid blast crisis
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bcl-6 |
CD10 |
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Follicular hyperplasia |
19/19 (reactivity both in the centres of secondary follicles and also in isolated cells in the mantle and interfollicular zones. In two cases of progressive transformation of germinal centres, this was highlighted by both bcl-6 and CD10)20 |
19/19 (reactivity strictly limited to the centres of secondary follicles of both nodal and extra-nodal lymphoid tissue)20 |
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28/28 (in all positive cases follicular cells stained. There was also interfollicular staining, with the exception of two cases where staining was restricted to follicle centre cells. The three cases negative for CD10 were positive for bcl-6)20 |
36/39 (in all positive cases, both the follicle centre cells stained. 34 of these 36 cases also showed interfollicular staining)20 |
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Splenic follicular lymphoma |
6/7 (the cases positive for bcl-6 included four CD10-negative cases. One cases was negative for both bcl-6 and CD10. Seven cases showed positive cells within the red pulp.)20 |
4/11 (the positive cases showed staining both of follicles and of small lymphocytes within the red pulp.)20 |
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0/17 (reactive follicles were positive. Cases with follicular colonisation showed bcl-6 negative cells within the germinal centres)20 |
0/24 (reactive follicles were positive. Cases with follicular colonisation showed CD10 negative cells within the germinal centres)20 |
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0/18 (reactive follicles were positive.)20 |
0/19 (reactive follicles were positive.)20 |
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0/10 (reactive follicles were positive.)20 |
0/13 (reactive follicles were positive.)20 |
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39/4720 |
21/5420 |
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17/1720 |
20/2020 |
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11/13 (positivity in both L&H cells and smaller cells.)20 |
0/1620 |
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4/8 (positivity in a small number of RS cells.)20 |
0/1320 |
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Fibroblasts
Bile canaliculi and hepatocellular carcinomas in a canalicular pattern5.
Renal glomeruli and the brush border of proximal tubules19 It may act to cleave peptides such as bradykinin, angiotensin and substance P.
Melanoma cell lines
vulval, vaginal and cervical tissues and some of their tumours:
|
vulva |
vagina |
uterine cervix |
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squamous epithelium |
4/117 |
2/37 |
18/437 |
|
squamous metaplasia |
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|
4/57 |
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eccrine glands |
1/37 |
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apocrine glands |
3/47 |
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sebaceous glands |
5/57 |
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hair follicles |
5/57 |
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condyloma accuminata |
0/27 |
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ectopic breast tissue |
0/27 |
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endocervical stroma |
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1/4 (weakly positive)13 |
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endocervical glands |
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|
0/397 |
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tunnel clusters |
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|
0/37 |
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adenosis |
|
0/27 |
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microglandular hyperplasia |
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|
0/37 |
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hidradenoma papilliferum |
0/47 |
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CIN |
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4/137 |
|
squamous cell carcinoma |
0/4 (keratinising)7 |
1/27 |
4/87 |
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basaloid carcinoma |
2/27 |
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verrucuous carcinoma |
1/17 |
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basal cell carcinoma |
2/27 |
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adenocarcinoma |
|
0/17 |
0/14 (2 cases in-situ, 12 cases invasive)7 |
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clear cell adenocarcinoma, DES related |
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0/27 |
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neuroendocrine carcinoma |
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|
0/27 |
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mesonephric remnants |
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7/77 |
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mesonephric hyperplasia |
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6/67 |
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mesonephric adenocarcinoma |
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5/57, 1/1 (uterine corpus)9 |
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malignant melanoma |
2/27 |
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Endometrial stroma (but not glands), endometrial stromal nodules and low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Leiomyomatous tumours and undifferentiated carcinomas of the uterus are usually only focally and/or weakly staining3:
|
proliferative endometrium |
5/5 (1: focal weak, 1: focal strong, 1: diffuse moderate, 2: diffuse strong), 39/39 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
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secretory endometrium |
5/5 all diffuse strong, 10/10 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
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pregnancy (Arias-Stella) |
10/10 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
|
decidualised endometrial stroma |
negative or weakly positive8 |
|
atrophic endometrium |
3/3 all focal strong, 9/9 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
|
hyperplasia |
7/7 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
|
adenomyosis |
8/8 (stroma positive, glands negative)7 |
|
endometriosis |
19/19 (stroma positive, glands negative)7, 22/25 (stroma positive, glands negative)13 |
|
endometrioid adenocarcinoma |
1/167 |
|
adenocarcinoma with squamous metaplasia |
4/6 (positivity restricted to squamous component)7 |
|
mucinous adenocarcinoma |
0/67 |
|
serous papillary adenocarcinoma |
1/107 |
|
clear cell carcinoma |
0/47 |
|
undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma |
1/6 1: focal weak |
|
atypical polypoid adenomyoma |
2/2 (positivity restricted to squamous component)7 |
|
endometrial stromal nodule |
1/1 diffuse moderate |
|
low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma |
13/13 5: focal weak, 1: focal moderate, 2: diffuse moderate, 5: diffuse strong |
|
high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma |
4/6 1: focal weak, 1: focal moderate, 1: focal strong, 1: diffuse strong |
|
mixed endometrial stromal-smooth muscle tumour |
1/1 focal weak |
|
endometrial stromal neoplasm, NOS |
4/47, 5/5 (diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi pattern)11 |
|
myometrium |
negative8 |
|
leiomyoma |
3/10 (cellular leiomyomas; 2: focal weak, 1: focal strong), 0/67, 8/12 (focal: less than 5% of cells)8 |
|
leiomyosarcoma |
3/5 (1: focal weak, 1: focal moderate, 1: diffuse weak), 0/37, 4/8 (focal: less than 5% of cells, one case positive in myxoid areas)8 |
|
adult granulosa cell tumour |
1/10 1: focal strong |
|
carcinosarcoma |
3/47 |
|
uterine carcinosarcoma with endometrial stromal component |
1/1 focal weak |
|
uterine mesenchymal tumour with sex cord-like elements (type 2) |
1/1 focal moderate |
|
adenomatoid tumour |
0/37 |
|
placental chorionic stromal cells |
positive8 |
|
cytotrophoblast |
15/157, negative8 |
|
syncytiotrophoblast |
15/157, positive on apical surface8 |
|
intermediate trophoblast |
15/157 |
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exaggerated placental site |
3/37 |
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placental site nodule |
2/27 |
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partial mole |
3/37 |
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complete mole |
4/47 |
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choriocarcinoma |
2/27 |
|
placental site trophoblastic tumour |
3/37 |
|
Fallopian tube: |
normal mucosa |
1/227 |
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Walthard's rests |
0/27 |
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Epoophoron |
12/137 |
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|
10/107 |
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Adenocarcinoma |
10/107 |
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Ovary: |
surface epithelium/inclusion cysts |
0/67 |
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oocytes |
0/57 |
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granulosa cells |
0/57 |
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thecal cells |
0/57 |
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rete ovarii |
15/157 |
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cyst of rete ovarii |
1/27 |
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serous cystadeno(fibro)ma |
1/67 |
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serous borderline tumour |
0/47 |
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serous carcinoma |
1/117 |
|
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mucinous cystadeno(fibro)ma |
0/27 |
|
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mucinous borderline tumour |
0/67 |
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mucinous carcinoma |
1/37 |
|
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endometrial borderline tumour |
2/37 |
|
|
endometrioid carcinoma |
0/57 |
|
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carcinosarcoma |
0/27 |
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|
clear cell carcinoma |
0/97 |
|
|
Brenner tumour |
1/27 |
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|
transitional cell carcinoma |
0/27 |
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Sertoli-Leydig tumour |
4/57 |
|
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adult type granulosa cell tumour |
1/37 |
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juvenile type granulosa cell tumour |
0/17 |
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sex cord tumour with annular tubules |
0/17 |
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steroid cell tumour |
0/17 |
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small cell carcinoma, hypercalcaemic |
0/17 |
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struma ovarii |
0/27 |
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carcinoid |
1/27 |
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dysgerminoma |
1/27 |
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embryonal carcinoma |
0/27 |
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yolk sac tumour |
2/27 |
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choriocarcinoma |
1/17 |
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breast carcinoma |
0/27 |
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gastric carcinoma (Krukenberg tumour) |
0/27 |
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colorectal carcinoma |
3/37 |
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renal carcinoma |
3/37 |
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carcinoid |
1/27 |
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malignant melanoma |
2/27 |
|
renal cell carcinoma |
41/46 (diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi pattern)11, 2/2 (metastatic to thyroid)12, see subtypes |
|
transitional cell carcinoma |
13/24 (diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi pattern)11 |
|
prostatic adenocarcinoma |
11/18 (apical surface)11 |
|
pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
7/14 (apical surface)11 |
|
rhabdomyosarcoma |
3/511 |
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Schwannoma |
5/1111 |
|
malignant melanoma |
12/30 (diffuse cytoplasmic or membranous/Golgi pattern)11 |
Categorisation of acute leukaemias5.
Differential diagnosis of lymphomas2. Follicular lymphomas are positive for both bcl-6 and CD10, while other low grade lymphomas which may have a follicular growth pattern, particularly mantle cell lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma (in which follicles may be colonised), are negative.
The diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma:
The identification of metastatic endometrial stromal sarcoma, which may occur many years after excision of the primary: at primary ovarian and metastatic sites the characteristic tongue-like growth pattern is not apparent.
differentiation of endometrial stromal tumours from leiomyomatous tumours, in combination with h-caldesmon, desmin and SMA.
In combination with a-inhibin, the differentiation of endometrial stromal tumours from adult granulosa cell tumour.
In combination with CD45 and other lymphoid markers, the differentiation of endometrial stromal sarcoma from lymphoma: note that some lymphomas are positive (vide supra).
Identification of mesonephric tumours7 and differentiation for Mullerian tumours.
Differentiation of primary clear cell gynaecological tumours (negative)7 from clear cell tumours metastatic to the gynaecological tract, including kidney10 (positive).
More often positive in clear cell renal cell carcinoma21 than in papillary renal cell carcinoma. For this differential use in combination with BerEP4 and renal cell carcinoma marker (both more often positive in papillary renal cell carcinoma)18.
Diagnosis of endometriosis. (This includes pure stromal endometriosis, devoid of glands, found especially within the cervix.)8,13
Identification of early myometrial invasion by endometrial adenocarcinomas. There is disagreement as to whether CD10 is helpful in this context. Afify et al14 found the stromal cells surrounding myoinvasive carcinoma to be negative or, at most, to show a thin layer, two or three cells thick, around the carcinoma to be positive. By contrast, Perunovic et al15 found immunoreactivity of the spindle cells around almost every invasive carcinoma, averaging five cells but in some cases more than ten cells wide: the conclusion was that CD10 was of no value in the identification of early invasion.
Differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma from carcinoma metastatic to the liver: canalicular staining with CD 10 is specific for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Diagnosis of microvillous inclusion disease (familial microvillous atrophy) of the intestine: CD10, polyclonal CEA, alkaline phosphatase and PAS all show cytoplasmic, rather than brush border, reactivity in this condition16.
References
2Delsol G, New antibodies and new applications of old antibodies in the diagnosis of hematolymphoid neoplasms. In Immunohistochemistry Long Course, Nice, October 18-23, 1998.
8Toki, T., Shimizu, M., Takagi, Y., Ashida, T. and Konishi, I. CD10 is a marker for normal and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2002;21:41-7.
9Ordi, J., Nogales, F.F., Palacin, A., Marquez, M., Pahisa, J., Vanrell, J.A. and Cardesa, A. Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus: CD10 expression as evidence of mesonephric differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:1540-5.
10Avery, A.K., Beckstead, J., Renshaw, A.A. and Corless, C.L. Use of antibodies to RCC and CD10 in the differential diagnosis of renal neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:203-10.
11Chu, P. and Arber, D.A. Paraffin-section detection of CD10 in 505 nonhematopoietic neoplasms. Frequent expression in renal cell carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;113:374-82.
12Ambrosiani, L., Declich, P., Bellone, S., Tavani, E., Pacilli, P., Guarneri, A., Rovellini, P. and Bianchi, A. Thyroid metastases from renal clear cell carcinoma: a cyto-histological study of two cases. Adv Clin Path 2001;5:11-6.
13Sumathi, V.P. and McCluggage, W.G. CD10 is useful in demonstrating endometrial stroma at ectopic sites and in confirming a diagnosis of endometriosis. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:391-2.
14Afi AM, Tan LC, Werness BA. The diagnostic utility of CD10 in evaluating endometrial lesions. Lab Invest 2002;82:189A-190A.
15Perunovic B, Rollason TP. CD10 is not a reliable tool for identification of early myometrial invaison in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2003;43:401-403.
16Groisman, G. M., M. Amar, et al. (2002). "CD10: a valuable tool for the light microscopic diagnosis of microvillous inclusion disease (familial microvillous atrophy)." Am J Surg Pathol 26(7): 902-7.
17Bilalovic, N., B. Sandstad, et al. (2004). "CD10 protein expression in tumor and stromal cells of malignant melanoma is associated with tumor progression." Mod Pathol 17(10): 1251-8.
This page last revised 17.7.2005.
©SMUHT/PW Bishop