CD15 (LeuM1)

Leu-M1 was first reported as reactive with the membrane-related trisaccharide fucosyl-N-acetyllactosamine on myelomonocytic cells, where the epitope was known as X-Hapten.

Antibodies are effective on paraffin-embedded tissue12.

Immunohistochemical expression

Diagnostic utility

 

adenocarcinoma

mesothelioma

Sheibani 19868

47/50

0/28

Sheibani 198614

105/179

0/18

Warnock 198815

34/44

2/27

Ordonez 198916

14/23

0/19

Wick 19909

52/52

0/51

Wick 199040

38/43

0/41

O'Hara 199017

23/28

0/20

Tickman 199018 (study done on cell blocks from serous effusions)

30/69

0/2

McCaughey 199119

not studied

2/98

Nance 199120 (study done on cell blocks from serous effusions)

11/26

0/1

Wirth 199121

16/20

4/50

Collins 199222

26/48

1/31

Gaffey 199223

not studied

0/49

Brown 199324

79/103

2/34

Moch 199325

16/24

0/27

Dejmek 199426

38/43

31/93

Maquire 199427 (study done on cell blocks from serous effusions)

18/23

0/44

Bailey 199628 (study done on cell blocks from serous effusions)

8/11

0/5

Doglioni 19961

19/22

0/20

Dejmek 19975

35/43

22/110

Bateman 199729

6/14

0/17

Delahaye 199730 (study done on cell blocks from serous effusions)

25/88

 

0/41

Riera 199731

159/211

2/57

Wilson 199732

8/9

3/21

Ordonez 199733

65/92

0/120

Leers 199810

9/21

2/20

Chenard-Neu 199834

15/30

0/28

Garcia-Prats 199835

8/18

2/40

Ordonez 199836

28/45

0/35

Brockstedt 20002

46/57

18/119

Dejmek 200037 (cytospins of serous fluids)

24/47

5/35

Gonzalez-Lois 200138

8/11

3/41

Roberts 20014

9/18

7/111

Comin 20017

23/23

2/42

Miettinen 2001

not studied

9/24

Abutaily 200213

5/11

0/9

Ordonez 200339

36/50

0/60

 

Overall

68% (1091/1606)

7% (120/1646)

A systematic review of twenty six studies (consisting of 1473 pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 1204 epithelioid mesotheliomas) reported sensitivities and specificities of CD15 for pulmonary adenocarcinoma of 72% and 93%41.

References

1 Doglioni, C., Tos, A. P., Laurino, L., Iuzzolino, P., Chiarelli, C., Celio, M. R., Viale, G. Calretinin: a novel immunocytochemical marker for mesothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol1996;20:1037-46.

2 Brockstedt U, Gulyas M, Dobra K. an optimized batter of eight antibodies that can distinguish most cases of epithelial mesothelioma form adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;114:203-9.

3 Gonzalez-Lois, C., Ballestin, C., Sotelo, M. T., Lopez-Rios, F., Garcia-Prats, M. D., Villena, V. Combined use of novel epithelial (MOC-31) and mesothelial (HBME-1) immunohistochemical markers for optimal first line diagnostic distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma in pleura. Histopathology 2001;38:528-34.

4 Roberts, F., C. M. Harper, et al. (2001). "Immunohistochemical analysis still has a limited role in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. A study of thirteen antibodies." Am J Clin Pathol 116(2): 253-62. First published in abstract, Harper CM. Evaluation of a commercially available immunohistochemical diagnostic panel for malignant mesothelioma. J Pathol 2001:193(suppl):39A.

5 Dejmek, A., Brockstedt, U., Hjerpe, A. Optimization of a battery using nine immunocytochemical variables for distinguishing between epithelial mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. Apmis 1997;105:889-94.

6 Sosolik, R. C., McGaughy, V. R., De Young, B. R. Anti-MOC-31: a potential addition to the pulmonary adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma immunohistochemistry panel. Mod Pathol 1997;10:716-9.

7 Comin, C. E., Novelli, L., Boddi, V., Paglierani, M., Dini, S. Calretinin, thrombomodulin, CEA, and CD15: a useful combination of immunohistochemical markers for differentiating pleural epithelial mesothelioma from peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2001;32:529-536.

8 Sheibani, K., Battifora, H., Burke, J. S.Sheibani. Antigenic phenotype of malignant mesotheliomas and pulmonary adenocarcinomas. An immunohistologic analysis demonstrating the value of Leu M1 antigen. Am J Pathol 1986;123:212-219

9 Wick, M. R., Loy, T., Mills, S. E., Legier, J. F., Manivel, J. C. Malignant epithelioid pleural mesothelioma versus peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistologic study of 103 cases. Hum Pathol 1990;21:759-766.

10 Leers, M. P., Aarts, M. M., Theunissen, P. H. E-cadherin and calretinin: a useful combination of immunochemical markers for differentiation between mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 1998;32:209-216.

11 Pileri, S. A., Ascani, S., Leoncini, L., Sabattini, E., Zinzani, P. L., Piccaluga, P. P., Pileri, A., Jr., Giunti, M., Falini, B., Bolis, G. B., Stein, H. Hodgkin's lymphoma: the pathologist's viewpoint. J Clin Pathol 2002;5:162-176.

12Leong A S-Y, Cooper K and Leong FJ W-M. Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology. 2nd edition, 2003

13 Abutaily, A.S., Addis, B.J. and Roche, W.R. Immunohistochemistry in the distinction between malignant mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a critical evaluation of new antibodies. J Clin Pathol 2002;55:662-8.

14 Sheibani, K., H. Battifora, et al. (1986). "Leu-M1 antigen in human neoplasms. An immunohistologic study of 400 cases." Am J Surg Pathol 10(4): 227-36.

15 Warnock, M. L., A. Stoloff, et al. (1988). "Differentiation of adenocarcinoma of the lung from mesothelioma. Periodic acid-Schiff, monoclonal antibodies B72.3, and Leu M1." Am J Pathol 133(1): 30-8.

16 Ordonez, N. G. (1989). "The immunohistochemical diagnosis of mesothelioma. Differentiation of mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma." Am J Surg Pathol 13(4): 276-91.

17 O'Hara, C. J., J. M. Corson, et al. (1990). "ME1. A monoclonal antibody that distinguishes epithelial-type malignant mesothelioma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma and extrapulmonary malignancies." Am J Pathol 136(2): 421-8.

18 Tickman, R. J., C. Cohen, et al. (1990). "Distinction between carcinoma cells and mesothelial cells in serous effusions. Usefulness of immunohistochemistry." Acta Cytol 34(4): 491-6.

19 McCaughey, W. T., T. V. Colby, et al. (1991). "Diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma: experience of a US/Canadian Mesothelioma Panel." Mod Pathol 4(3): 342-53.

20 Nance, K. V. and J. F. Silverman (1991). "Immunocytochemical panel for the identification of malignant cells in serous effusions." Am J Clin Pathol 95(6): 867-74.

21 Wirth, P. R., J. Legier, et al. (1991). "Immunohistochemical evaluation of seven monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of pleural mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma." Cancer 67(3): 655-62.

22 Collins, C. L., N. G. Ordonez, et al. (1992). "Thrombomodulin expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma." Am J Pathol 141(4): 827-33.

23 Gaffey, M. J., S. E. Mills, et al. (1992). "Immunoreactivity for BER-EP4 in adenocarcinomas, adenomatoid tumors, and malignant mesotheliomas." Am J Surg Pathol 16(6): 593-9.

24 Brown, R. W., G. M. Clark, et al. (1993). "Multiple-marker immunohistochemical phenotypes distinguishing malignant pleural mesothelioma from pulmonary adenocarcinoma [see comments]." Hum Pathol 24(4): 347-54.

25 Moch, H., M. Oberholzer, et al. (1993). "Diagnostic tools for differentiating between pleural mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma in paraffin embedded tissue. Part I: Immunohistochemical findings." Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 423(1): 19-27.

26 Dejmek, A. and A. Hjerpe (1994). "Immunohistochemical reactivity in mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma: a stepwise logistic regression analysis." Apmis 102(4): 255-64.

27 Maguire, B., D. Whitaker, et al. (1994). "Monoclonal antibody Ber-EP4: its use in the differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and carcinoma in cell blocks of malignant effusions and FNA specimens." Diagn Cytopathol 10(2): 130-4.

28 Bailey, M. E., R. W. Brown, et al. (1996). "Ber-EP4 for differentiating adenocarcinoma from reactive and neoplastic mesothelial cells in serous effusions. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen, B72.3 and Leu-M1." Acta Cytol 40(6): 1212-6.

29 Bateman, A. C., R. K. al-Talib, et al. (1997). "Immunohistochemical phenotype of malignant mesothelioma: predictive value of CA125 and HBME-1 expression." Histopathology 30(1): 49-56.

30 Delahaye, M., F. van der Ham, et al. (1997). "Complementary value of five carcinoma markers for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma metastasis, and reactive mesothelium in serous effusions." Diagn Cytopathol 17(2): 115-20.

31 Riera, J. R., C. Astengo-Osuna, et al. (1997). "The immunohistochemical diagnostic panel for epithelial mesothelioma: a reevaluation after heat-induced epitope retrieval [see comments]." Am J Surg Pathol 21(12): 1409-19.

32 Wilson JD, Merino MJ, Harris C et al. Mesothelioma vs adenocarcinoma: does immunohistochemistry help? Lab Invest 1997;76:174A.

33 Ordonez, N. G. (1997). "The value of antibodies 44-3A6, SM3, HBME-1, and thrombomodulin in differentiating epithelial pleural mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma: a comparative study with other commonly used antibodies [see comments]." Am J Surg Pathol 21(12): 1399-408.

34 Chenard-Neu, M. P., A. Kabou, et al. (1998). "[Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. Evaluation of 5 new antibodies and 6 traditional antibodies]." Ann Pathol 18(6): 460-5.

35 Garcia-Prats, M. D., C. Ballestin, et al. (1998). "A comparative evaluation of immunohistochemical markers for the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural tumours." Histopathology 32(5): 462-72.

36 Ordonez, N. G. (1998). "Role of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing epithelial peritoneal mesotheliomas from peritoneal and ovarian serous carcinomas." Am J Surg Pathol 22(10): 1203-14.

37 Dejmek, A. and A. Hjerpe (2000). "Reactivity of six antibodies in effusions of mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma and mesotheliosis: stepwise logistic regression analysis." Cytopathology 11(1): 8-17.

38 Gonzalez-Lois, C., C. Ballestin, et al. (2001). "Combined use of novel epithelial (MOC-31) and mesothelial (HBME-1) immunohistochemical markers for optimal first line diagnostic distinction between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma in pleura." Histopathology 38(6): 528-34.

39 Ordonez, N. G. (2003). "The immunohistochemical diagnosis of mesothelioma: a comparative study of epithelioid mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma." Am J Surg Pathol 27(8): 1031-51.

40 Wick MR, Mills SE,Swanson PE Expression of "myelomonocytic" antigens in mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas involving the serosal surfaces. Am J Clin Pathol 1990; 94:18-26

41 King JE, Thatcher N, Pickering CA, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemical markers used in the diagnosis of epithelioid mesothelioma: a detailed systematic analysis using published data. Histopathology 2006; 48:223-32

This page last revised 16.2.2006.

©SMUHT/PW Bishop