Glypican-3, GPC-3

GPC-3

AFP

CD34

Hep Par 1

HSP70

Glutamine synthetase

Liver

Normal hepatocytes

0/92 , 0/256

0/456

negative(no staining apart from blood vessels of portal tracts and some immediately adjacent sinusoids.)8

45/456

Fetal liver

9/96

Fulminant hepatitis

0/32 , 0/96

Regenerative nodule in fulminant hepatitis

1/1(tiny focus of positive cells)6

Autoimmune hepatitis

0/26

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

0/16

Chronic viral hepatitis

0/136

Primary biliary cirrhosis

0/26

Cirrhotic liver

0/222, 0/43(viral)6, 4/78(cirrhotic liver adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma: focal weak staining in 4 cases)8, 0/15(large regenerative nodules)10

negative(no staining apart from blood vessels of portal tracts and some immediately adjacent sinusoids.)8 

0/15(large regenerative nodules)10

Focal nodular hyperplasia

0/42, 1/3(weak focal staining)6, 0/16(cut off 5% of tumour cells staining)8 , 0/1111

incomplete(: in most cases, there was staining of sinusoids towards the periphery of many but not all nodules.)8 

Hepatic adenoma

0/72, 0/76, 0/19(cut off 5% of tumour cells staining)8

incomplete(: in most cases, there was staining of sinusoids towards the periphery of many but not all nodules. 4 cases showed a "complete" staining pattern)8 

Dysplastic nodule, low grade

0/72, 2/8(>10%, <50% of cells)6 , 0/1411, 2/6512

0/1510

Dysplastic nodule, high grade

1/5(weak focal staining)2, 6/8(>10%, <50% of cells)6 , 2/29(in each of two cases >5% and <33% of cells stained)11, 14/29(staining in 2/9 high grade macronodules and 12/20 early hepatocellular carcinomas)12, 2/22(the two positive cases showed staining of <10% of neoplastic cells)10

1/2210

9/2210

Hepatocellular carcinoma

ordinary

19/232, 14/145, 47/56(All positive cases showed 50% of tumour cells: 14/18 well differentiated, 24/29 moderately differentiated, 9/9 poorly differentiated)6, 93/106(17/18 well differentiated, 47/53 moderately differentiated, 30/36 differentiated)8, 46/59(includes positivity in 10/12 needle biopsies fixed in B5-solution; all the tumours in this study had diameters =< 3 cm; the staining pattern varied from membranous/canalicular to cytoplasmic granular or diffuse.)11, 37/49(staining occurred in 19/21 tumours arising from cirrhotic livers and in 18/28 arising from normal livers.)12, 39/53(Including 6 of 10 early hepatocellular carcinomas. Usually more that 10% of cells stained)10

4/162, 17/456

complete(: in most cases, there was staining of most sinusoids throughout nodules. 4 cases showed an "incomplete" staining pattern.)8 

38/456

39/53(Including 9 of 10 early hepatocellular carcinomas. Staining was either diffuse or focal nucleocytoplasmic)10

37/53(Includes 7 of 10 early hepatocellular carcinomas. Most cases showed staining of >50% of cells)10

fibrolamellar

1/32, 1/512

sarcomatoid

0/36, 1/18

Mixed hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

1/32, 7/9(staining was restricted to the hepatocellular carcinomatous component)12

Cholangiocarcinoma

0/1(hilar type)2, 0/166, 0/148, 1/1012

Hepatoblastoma

6/6( 3 cases >10%, <50% of tumour cells, 3 cases (>50% of epithelial cells))2

Carcinoid

0/16

Colonic carcinoma metastatic to liver

1/23(focal cytoplasmic staining)6

GPC-3

AFP

CK7

Yolk sac tumour (11 ovary, 6 testis, 4 mediastinum, 3 abdomen, 5 brain/pineal, 2 retroperitoneum, 1 supraclavicular, 1 uterine)

pure

15/16(the case negative for GPC-3 was in the pineal: it was positive for AFP)1

16/161

1/16(one case showed staining of <20% of cells)1

mixed

17/17(GPC-3 highlighted the yolk sac component)1

14/171

14/17(typically staining was confined to the embryonal carcinoma and teratomatous component, he yolk sac component being negative.)1

Testis

Yolk sac tumour

25/25(diffuse membranous and cytoplasmic staining)3, 24/24(these were yolk sac components of mixed germ cell tumours: 23 cases positive for diffusely positive, 1 case focally positive)7

Teratoma

2/103 , 6/36(staining was seen only in 6/16 cases with immature elements; all 20 mature teratomas were negative)7

Syncytiotrophoblastic giant cell component

10/143

Choriocarcinoma

1/33 , 7/77

Intracellular germ cell neoplasia unclassified

0/333

Seminoma

0/613, 0/42(25 pure seminomas and 17 seminomatous components)7

Embryonal carcinoma

0/193, 3/37(2 cases positive, 1 case focally positive)7

various

2/14Positivity in one yolk sac and one mixed tumour with yolk sac differentiation)8

Ovary

clear cell carcinoma

7/42(focal)1, 1/28

12/421

42/421

Endometrioid carcinoma

2/32(focal)1, 1/78

Serous carcinoma

1/157(focal)1, 0/58

Serous tumor of low malignant potential

0/591

Mucinous carcinoma

0/101

Sex cord stromal tumour

0/161

Carcinosarcoma

0/41

Undifferentiated carcinoma

0/21

Peritoneum

Serous carcinoma

0/381

Melanocytic naevus

10/11(> 75% of tumour cells: 4 cases, 50%-75% of tumour cells: 4 cases, 25%-50% of tumour cells: 1 case< 25% of tumour cells: 1 case)9

Melanoma

17/21(> 75% of tumour cells: 6 cases, 50%-75% of tumour cells: 6 cases, < 25% of tumour cells: 6 cases)9

Adrenal

cortical carcinoma

0/108

Bladder

urothelial carcinoma

0/158

Breast

adenocarcinoma

0/58

Colon

adenocarcinoma

0/108

Gastrointestinal tract and lung

carcinoid

3/158

Kidney

renal cell carcinoma

0/108

Lung

adenocarcinoma

0/118

Pancreas

adenocarcinoma

0/138

Prostate

adenocarcinoma

0/118

Pleura/peritoneum

mesothelioma

0/78

Salivary gland

pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumour

0/108

Skin

basal cell carcinoma

0/108

Soft tissue

epithelioid carcinoma

0/108

Stomach

adenocarcinoma

0/88

Thyroid

various

0/288

Uterus

adenocarcinoma

0/108